Skip to main content
Singapore Clinical Research Institute will NEVER ask you to transfer money or disclose bank details over a call.

If in doubt, call the 24/7 ScamShield helpline at 1799, or visit the ScamShield website at www.scamshield.gov.sg (opens in new tab).

Singapore Clinical Research Institute (SCRI)

AHCC Publications

Browse the full list of research publications by the Asia-Pacific Hepatocellular Carcinoma (AHCC) Trials Group, covering liver cancer treatment, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.

Last updated on 17 March 2026

AHCC Publications

  1. Chan SL, Sun H, Xu Y, Zeng H, … Chew V, Chow PKH, Yau T, Kudo M, Fan J, Zhou J. The Lancet Commission on addressing the global hepatocellular carcinoma burden: comprehensive strategies from prevention to treatment. Lancet. 2025 Aug 16;406(10504):731-778. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01042-6.

  2. Chen JB, Kaya NA, Zhang Y, …, Chow PKH et. al. A multimodal atlas of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals convergent evolutionary paths and 'bad apple' effect on clinical trajectory. J Hep. May 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.017

  3. Li Z, Pai R, Gupta S, … Chow PKH et al. Presence of onco-fetal neighborhoods in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with relapse and response to immunotherapy. Nat Cancer. Jan 2024;5(1):167-186. doi:10.1038/s43018-023-00672-2

  4. Xu J, Zheng M, Thng DKH, Chow PKH et al. NanoBeacon.AI: AI-Enhanced Nanodiamond Biosensor for Automated Sensitivity Prediction to Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors. ACS Sens. May 26 2023;8(5):1989-1999. doi:10.1021/acssensors.3c00126

  5. Sim YK, Chong MC, Gandhi M, Pokharkar YM, Zhu Y, Shi L, Lequn L, Chen CH, Kudo M, Lee JH, Strasser SI, Chanwat R, Chow PKH; Asia-Pacific Hepatocellular Carcinoma Trials Group. Real-World Data on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific: The INSIGHT Study. Liver Cancer. 2023 Oct 9;13(3):298-313. doi: 10.1159/000534513

  6. Thng DKH, Hooi L, Toh CCM, Lim JJ, Rajagopalan D, Syariff IQC, Tan ZM, Rashid MBMA, Zhou L, Kow AWC, Bonney GK, Goh BKP, Kam JH, Jha S, Dan YY, Chow PKH, Toh TB, Chow EK (2023). Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2 (G9a) inhibition mitigates tumorigenicity in Myc-driven liver cancer. Mol Oncol, https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.13417

  7. Jeon AJ, Teo YY, Sekar K, Chong SL, Wu L, Chew SC, Chen J, Kendarsari RI, Lai H, Ling WH, Kaya NA, Lim JQ, Ramasamy A, Oguz G, …, Goh BKP, Tucker-Kellogg G, Foo RSY, Chow PKH. (2023) Multi-region sampling with paired sample sequencing analyses reveals sub-groups of patients with novel patient-specific dysregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BMC Cancer, 23(1):118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10444-3

  8. Thng DKH, Toh TB, Pigini P, Hooi L, Dan YY, Chow PK, Bonney GK, Rashid MBMA, Guccione E, Wee DKB, Chow EK. (2022) Splice-switch oligonucleotide-based combinatorial platform prioritizes synthetic lethal targets CHK1 and BRD4 against MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioeng Transl Med, 8(1):e10363. https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10363

  9. Lee YH, Chuah S, Nguyen PHD, Lim CJ, Lai HLH, Wasser M, …, Chow PKH, Albani S, Liu H, Chew V (2022) IFNγ-IL-17+ CD8 T cells contribute to immunosuppression and tumor progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer Lett, 552:215977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215977

  10. Chan JJ, Zhang B, Chew XH, Salhi A, Kwok ZH, Lim CY, …, Chen L, Gao X, Chow PKH, Yang H, Tay Y. (2022) Pan-cancer pervasive upregulation of 3' UTR splicing drives tumourigenesis. Nat. Cell Biol., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-022-00913-z

  11. Lim JTC, Kwang LG, Ho NCW, Toh CCM, Too DSH, Hooi L, Benoukraf T, Chow PKH, Dan YY, Chow EKH, Toh TB, Fong ELS. (2022) Hepatocellular carcinoma organoid co-cultures mimic angiocrine crosstalk to generate inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Biomaterials, 284:121527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121527

  12. Nguyen PHD, Wasser M, Tan CT, Lim CJ, Lai HLH, Seow JJW, DasGupta R, Phua CZJ, Ma S, … Zhai WW, Albani S, Chow PKH, Chew V. (2022) Trajectory of immune evasion and cancer progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun., 13(1):1441. https://doi.org/ 0.1038/s41467-022-29122-w

  13. Zhai WW, Lai H, Kaya NA, Chen J, Yang HC, Lu BX, …, Tam WL, Toh HC, Foo RSY, Chow PKH. Dynamic phenotypic heterogeneity and the evolution of multiple RNA subtypes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: the PLANET study, Nat. Sci. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwab192

  14. Ogasawara S, Choo SP, Li JT, Yoo C, Wang B, Lee D, Chow PKH. (2021) Evolving Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Asia–Pacific Region: A Review and Multidisciplinary Expert Opinion. Cancers, 13:2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ cancers13112626

  15. Nguyen PHD, Ma S, Phua CZJ, Kaya NA, Lai HLH, Lim CJ, Lim JQ, Wasser M, Lai L, Tam WL, Lim TKH, Wan WK, Loh T, Leow WQ, Pang YH, Chan CY, Lee SY, Cheow PC, Toh HC, Ginhoux F, Iyer S, Kow AWC, Young Dan Y, Chung A, Goh BKP, Albani S, Chow PKH, Zhai W, Chew V. (2021) Author Correction: Intratumoural immune heterogeneity as a hallmark of tumour evolution and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun., 12(1):1372. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21556-y

  16. Suthen S, Lim CJ, Nguyen PHD, Dutertre CA, Lai HLH, Wasser M, Chua C, …, Zhai WW, Ginhoux F, Chow PKH, Albani S, Chew V. (2022) Hypoxia-driven immunosuppression by Treg and type-2 conventional dendritic cells in HCC. Hepatology, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/hep.32419

  17. Tan SLW, Israeli E, Ericksen RE, Chow PKH, Han W. (2022) The altered lipidome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol., S1044-579X(22)00025-6. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.004

  18. Zhai WW, Lai H, Kaya NA, Chen J, Yang HC, Lu BX, …, Tam WL, Toh HC, Foo RSY, Chow PKH. Dynamic phenotypic heterogeneity and the evolution of multiple RNA subtypes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: the PLANET study, Nat. Sci. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwab192

  19. Chew SC, Choo SY, Chow PKH. (2021) A new perspective on the immune escape mechanism in HCC: onco-foetal reprogramming. Br. J. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01286-0.

  20. Chew XH, Sultana R, Mathew EN, Ng DCE, Lo RHG, Toh HC, Tai D, Choo SP, Goh BKP, Yan SX, Loke KSH, Thang SP, Gogna A, Venkatanarasimha NK, Tong AKT, Moe FNN, Chua JSS, Ang RWT, Ong AD, Ng AWY, Hoang MTQ, Too CW, Thng CH, Chan WY, Kee W, Chan JHM, Irani F, Leong S, Lim KH, Wang MLC, Chow PKH. (2021) Real-World Data on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Liver Cancer: A Prospective Validation of the National Cancer Centre Singapore Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514400

  21. Nguyen PHD, Ma S, Phua CZJ, Kaya NA, Lai HLH, Lim CJ, Lim JQ, Wasser M, Lai L, Tam WL, Lim TKH, Wan WK, Loh T, Leow WQ, Pang YH, Chan CY, Lee SY, Cheow PC, Toh HC, Ginhoux F, Iyer S, Kow AWC, Young Dan Y, Chung A, Goh BKP, Albani S, Chow PKH, Zhai W, Chew V. (2021) Intratumoural immune heterogeneity as a hallmark of tumour evolution and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun., 12(1):227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20171-7. PMID: 33431814.

  22. Sharma A, Seow JJW, Dutertre CA, Pai R, Blériot C, Mishra A, Wong RMM, Singh GSN, Sudhagar S, Khalilnezhad S, Erdal S, Teo HM, Khalilnezhad A, Chakarov S, Lim TKH, Fui ACY, Chieh AKW, Chung CP, Bonney GK, Goh BK, Chan JKY, Chow PKH, Ginhoux F, DasGupta R. (2020) Onco-fetal Reprogramming of Endothelial Cells Drives Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell, 183(2):377-394.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.040. PMID: 32976798

  23. Ding, Z., Ericksen, R, Escande-Beillard, N., Lee, Q.Y, Loh A., Denil, S., Steckel, M., Andrea Haegebarth, A., Ho, S.W., Chow, P.K., Toh, H.C., Reversade, B., Gruenewald, S., Han, W. (2020) Metabolic pathway analyses identify proline biosynthesis pathway as a promoter of liver tumorigenesis. Hepatol., 72(4):725-35, ISSN 0168-8278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.026

  24. Chong YC, Toh TB, Chan Z, Lin QXX, Thng DKH, Hooi L, Ding Z, Shuen T, Toh HC, Dan YY, Bonney GK, Zhou L, Chow P, Wang Y, Benoukraf T, Chow EK, Han W. (2020) Targeted Inhibition of Purine Metabolism Is Effective in Suppressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression. Commun., 4(9):1362-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1559.

  25. Jin, Y., Wong, Y.S., Goh, B.K.P., Chan, C.Y., Cheow, P.C., Chow, P.K.H., Lim, T.K.H., Goh, G.B.B., Krishnamoorthy, T.L., Kumar, R., Ng, T.P., Chong, S.S., Tan, H.H., Chung, A.Y.F, Ooi, L.L., Chang, J.P.E., Tan, C.K., and Lee, C.G.L. (2019) Circulating microRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Rep., 9(10464). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46872-8

  26. Zhao, Y., Shuen, T.W.H., Toh, T.B., Chan, X.Y., Liu, M., Tan, S.Y., Fan, Y., Yang, H., Lyer, S.G., Bonney, G.K., Loh, E., Chang, K.T.E., Tan, T.C., Zhai, W., Chan, J.K.Y., Chow, E.K., Chee, C.E., Lee, G.H., Dan, Y.Y., Chow, P.K., Toh, H.C., Lim, S.G., and Chen, Q. (2018). Development of a New Patient-Derived Xenograft Humanised Mouse Model to Study Human-Specific Tumour Microenvironment and Immunotherapy. Gut. pii: gutjnl-2017-315201. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315201.

  27. Lim, C.J., Lee, Y.H., Pan, L., Lai, L., Chua, C., Wasser, M., Lim, T.K.H., Yeong, J., Toh, H.C., Lee, S.Y., Chan, C.Y., Goh, B.K., Chung, A., Heikenwalder, M., Ng, I.O., Chow, P., Albani, S., and Chew, V. (2018). Multidimensional Analyses Reveal Distinct Immune Microenvironment in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gut. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316510.

  28. Pierce K.H. Chow, Mihir Gandhi, Say-Beng Tan, et al. (2018) SIRveNIB: Selective Internal Radiation Therapy Versus Sorafenib in Asia-Pacific Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin. Oncol., JCO2017760892. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.76.0892.

  29. Chew, V., Lee, Y.H., Pan, L., Nasir, N.J.M., Lim, C.J., Chua, C., Lai, L., Hazirah, S.N., Lim, T.K.H., Goh, B.K.P., Chung, A., Lo, R.H.G., Ng, D., Filarca, R.L.F, Albani, S., and Chow, P.K.H. (2018). Immune Activation Underlies a Sustained Clinical Response to Yttrium-90 Radioembolisation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gut. pii: gutjnl-2017-315485. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315485

  30. Cheung, T.T., Han, H.S., She, W.H., Chen, K.H., Chow, P.K.H., Yoong, B.K., Lee, K.F., Kubo, S., Tang, C.N., and Wakabayashi, G. (2018). The Asia Pacific Consensus Statement on Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Report from the 7th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting Held in Hong Kong. Liver Cancer, 7:28-39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000481834.

  31. Zhai W, Lim TK, Zhang T, Phang ST, Tiang Z, Guan P, Ng MH, Lim JQ, Yao F, Li Z, Ng PY, Yan J, Goh BK, Chung AY, Choo SP, Khor CC, Soon WW, Sung KW, Foo RS, Chow PK (2017) The spatial organization of intra-tumour heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectories of metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Commun. 8:4565. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14565

  32. Gebski V, Gibbs E, Gandhi M, Chatellier G, Dinut A, Pereira H, Chow PK, Vilgrain V (2017) VESPRO: An Individual Patient Data Prospective Meta-Analysis of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy Versus Sorafenib for Advanced, Locally Advanced, or Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma of the SARAH and SIRveNIB Trials. JMIR Res. Protoc. 6(2):17. https://doi.org/1010.2196/resprot.7016.

  33. Chow, P.K., Gandhi, M., and Gebski, V. (2017). The Sirvenib and Sarah Trials and the Role of Sir-Spheres(R) Y-90 Resin Microspheres in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. _Future Oncol.,_13:2213-16. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2017-0395.

  34. Chew V, Lai L, Pan L, Lim CJ, Li J, Ong R, Chua C, Leong JY, Lim KH, Toh HC, Lee SY, Chan CY, Goh BKP, Chung A, Chow PKH, Albani S. (2017). Delineation of an immunosuppressive gradient in hepatocellular carcinoma using high-dimensional proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Natl. Acad. Sci., 114(29):5900-09. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706559114.

  35. Gandhi M, Choo SP, Thng CH, Tan SB, Low AS, Cheow PC, Goh AS, Tay KH, Lo RH, Goh BK, Wong JS, Ng DC, Soo KC, Liew WM, Chow PK (2016) Single administration of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy versus continuous treatment with sorafeNIB in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (SIRveNIB): study protocol for a phase iii randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 16(1):856. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2868-y

  36. Chow, P. K. H., Choo, S. P., Ng, D. C. E., Lo, R. H. G., Wang, M. L. C., Toh, H. C., Tai, D. W. M., Goh, B. K. P., Wong, J. S., Tay, K. H., Goh, A. S. W., Yan, S. X., Loke, K. S. H., Thang, S. P., Gogna, A., Too, C. W., Irani, F. G., Leong, S., Lim, K. H., and Thng, C. H. 2016. National Cancer Centre Singapore Consensus Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 5, 97-106.

  37. Garnelo, M., Tan, A., Her, Z., Yeong, J., Lim, C. J., Chen, J., Lim, K. H., Weber, A., Chow, P. , Chung, A., Ooi, L. L. P. J., Toh, H. C., Heikenwalder, M., Ng, I. O. L., Nardin, A., Chen, Q., Abastado, J., Chew, V. 2015. Interaction between tumour-infiltrating B cells and T cells controls the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310814

  38. Wang, W., Iyer, N. G., Tay, H. T., Wu, Y., Lim, T. K., Zheng, L., Song, I. C., Kwoh, C. K., Huynh, H., Tan, P. O. & Chow, P. K. 2015. Microarray profiling shows distinct differences between primary tumors and commonly used preclinical models in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer, 15, 828.

  39. Teo, J. Y., Allen, J. C., Jr., Ng, D. C., Choo, S. P., Tai, D. W., Chang, J. P., Cheah, F. K., Chow, P. K. & Goh, B. K. 2016. A systematic review of contralateral liver lobe hypertrophy after unilobar selective internal radiation therapy with Y90. HPB (Oxford), 18(1): 7–12.

  40. Phillips, R., Gandhi, M., Cheung, Y. B., Findlay, M. P., Win, K. M., Hai, H. H., Yang, J. M., Lobo, R. R., Soo, K. C. & Chow, P. K. 2015. Summary scores captured changes in subjects’ QoL as measured by the multiple scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30. J Clin Epidemiol, 68, 895-902.

  41. Goh, B. K., Chan, C. Y., Wong, J. S., Lee, S. Y., Lee, V. T., Cheow, P. C., Chow, P. K., Ooi, L. L. & Chung, A. Y. 2015a. Factors associated with and outcomes of open conversion after laparoscopic minor hepatectomy: initial experience at a single institution. Surg Endosc, 29, 2636-42.

  42. Ang, S. F., Ng, E. S.-H., Li, H., Ong, Y.-H., Choo, S. P., Ngeow, J., Toh, H. C., Lim, K. H., Yap, H. Y., Tan, C. K., Ooi, L. L. P. J., Chung, A. Y. F., Chow, P. K. H., Foo, K. F., Tan, M.-H. & Cheow, P. C. 2015. The Singapore Liver Cancer Recurrence (SLICER) Score for Relapse Prediction in Patients with Surgically Resected Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One, 10, e0118658.

  43. Khajornjiraphan N, Thu NA, Chow PKH. (2015) Yttrium-90 Microspheres: A Review of Its Emerging Clinical Indications. Liver Cancer 2015; 4: 6-15.

  44. Chang PEJ, Purushotham S, Rumpel H, Kee IHC, Ng RTH, Chow PKH, Ramanujan RV and Tan CK. (2014) Novel Dual Magnetic Drug Targeting and Hyperthermia Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Thermosensitive Polymer-Coated Nanoparticles. J Gastroint Dig Syst 4:198. doi: 10.4172/2161-069X.1000198.

  45. Teo, J. Y., Goh, B. K., Cheah, F. K., Allen, J. C., Lo, R. H., Ng, D. C., Goh, A. S., Khor, A. Y., Sim, H. S., Ng, J. J., and Chow, P. K. (2014) Underlying liver disease influences volumetric changes in the spared hemiliver after selective internal radiation therapy with 90Y in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of digestive diseases 15, 444-450.

  46. Mah, W. C., Thurnherr, T., Chow, P. K., Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., Toh, H. C., Teh, B. T., Saunthararajah, Y., and Lee, C. G. (2014) Methylation profiles reveal distinct subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with poor prognosis, PloS one 9, e104158.

  47. Lim, K. C., Wang, V. W., Siddiqui, F. J., Shi, L., Chan, E. S., Oh, H. C., Tan, S. B., and Chow, P. K. (2014) Cost-effectiveness analysis of liver resection versus transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria, Hepatology, 61(1):227-37. doi: 10.1002/hep.27135. Epub 2014 May 29.

  48. Khor, A.-K., Toh, Y., Allen, J., Ng, D.-E., Kao, Y.-H., Zhu, G., Choo, S.-P., Lo, R.-G., Tay, K.-H., Teo, J.-Y., Goh, B.-P., Burgmans, M., Irani, F., Goh, A.-W., and Chow, P.-H.. (2014) Survival and pattern of tumor progression with yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization in predominantly hepatitis B Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology international 8, 395-404.

  49. Kao, Y. H., Tan, A. E., Lo, R. H., Tay, K. H., Tan, B. S., Chow, P. K., Ng, D. C., and Goh, A. S. (2014) Non-Target Activity Detection by Post-Radioembolization Yttrium-90 PET/CT: Image Assessment Technique and Case Examples, Frontiers in oncology 4, 11.

  50. Kao, Y. H., Magsombol, B. M., Toh, Y., Tay, K. H., Chow, P., Goh, A. S., and Ng, D. C. (2014) Personalized predictive lung dosimetry by technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin SPECT/CT for yttrium-90 radioembolization, EJNMMI Res 4, 33.

  51. Goh, B. K., Chow, P. K., Teo, J. Y., Wong, J. S., Chan, C. Y., Cheow, P. C., Chung, A. Y., and Ooi, L. L. (2014) Number of nodules, Child-Pugh status, margin positivity, and microvascular invasion, but not tumor size, are prognostic factors of survival after liver resection for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 18, 1477-1485.

  52. Chow, P. K., Poon, D. Y., Khin, M. W., Singh, H., Han, H. S., Goh, A. S., Choo, S. P., Lai, H. K., Lo, R. H., Tay, K. H., Lim, T. G., Gandhi, M., Tan, S. B., and Soo, K. C. (2014) Multicenter phase II study of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, PloS one 9, e90909.

  53. Zech, C. J., Bartolozzi, C., Bioulac-Sage, P., Chow, P. K., Forner, A., Grazioli, L., Huppertz, A., Laumonier, H., Min Lee, J., Murakami, T., Ricke, J., and Sirlin, C. B. (2013) Consensus report of the Fifth International Forum for Liver MRI, AJR. American journal of roentgenology 201, 97-107.

  54. Xu, Q., Leong, J., Chua, Q. Y., Chi, Y. T., Chow, P. K., Pack, D. W., and Wang, C. H. (2013) Combined modality doxorubicin-based chemotherapy and chitosan-mediated p53 gene therapy using double-walled microspheres for treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma, Biomaterials 34, 5149-5162.

  55. Wang, Y., Ren, J., Gao, Y., Ma, J. Z., Toh, H. C., Chow, P., Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., and Lee, C. G. (2013) MicroRNA-224 targets SMAD family member 4 to promote cell proliferation and negatively influence patient survival, PloS one 8, e68744.

  56. Toh, S. T., Jin, Y., Liu, L., Wang, J., Babrzadeh, F., Gharizadeh, B., Ronaghi, M., Toh, H. C., Chow, P. K., Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., and Lee, C. G. (2013) Deep sequencing of the hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma patients reveals enriched integration events, structural alterations and sequence variations, Carcinogenesis 34, 787-798.

  57. Lau, W. Y., Sangro, B., Chen, P. J., Cheng, S. Q., Chow, P., Lee, R. C., Leung, T., Han, K. H., and Poon, R. T. (2013) Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: the emerging role for radioembolization using yttrium-90, Oncology 84, 311-318.

  58. Kong, N. H. Y., and Chow, P. K. H. (2013) Conducting randomised controlled trials across countries with disparate levels of socio-economic development: The experience of the Asia-Pacific Hepatocellular Carcinoma Trials Group, Contemporary Clinical Trials 36, 682-686.

  59. Kong, N. H., and Chow, P. (2013) Conflict of Interest in Research – The Clinician Scientist’s Perspective, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 42, 623-628.

  60. Kao, Y.-H., Steinberg, J., Tay, Y.-S., Lim, G., Yan, J., Townsend, D., Takano, A., Burgmans, M., Irani, F., Teo, T., Yeow, T.-N., Gogna, A., Lo, R., Tay, K.-H., Tan, B.-S., Chow, P., Satchithanantham, S., Tan, A., Ng, D., and Goh, A. (2013) Post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT – part 1: diagnostic reporting, EJNMMI Res 3, 56.

  61. Kao, Y.-H., Steinberg, J., Tay, Y.-S., Lim, G., Yan, J., Townsend, D., Budgeon, C., Boucek, J., Francis, R., Cheo, T., Burgmans, M., Irani, F., Lo, R., Tay, K.-H., Tan, B.-S., Chow, P., Satchithanantham, S., Tan, A., Ng, D., and Goh, A. (2013) Post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT – part 2: dose-response and tumor predictive dosimetry for resin microspheres, EJNMMI Research 3, 57.

  62. Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., Machin, D., Tan, S. B., Goh, B. K., Wong, J. S., Chen, Y. M., Li, P. C., Gandhi, M., Thng, C. H., Yu, S. W., Tan, B. S., Lo, R. H., Htoo, A. M., Tay, K. H., Sundram, F. X., Goh, A. S., Chew, S. P., Liau, K. H., Chow, P. K., Tan, Y. M., Cheow, P. C., Ho, C. K., and Soo, K. C. (2013) Adjuvant hepatic intra-arterial iodine-131-lipiodol following curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial, World journal of surgery 37, 1356-1361.

  63. Chan, C., Wang, Y., Chow, P. K., Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., and Lee, C. G. (2013) Altered binding site selection of p53 transcription cassettes by hepatitis B virus X protein, Molecular and cellular biology 33, 485-497.

  64. Wang, Y., Toh, H. C., Chow, P., Chung, A. Y., Meyers, D. J., Cole, P. A., Ooi, L. L., and Lee, C. G. (2012) MicroRNA-224 is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma through epigenetic mechanisms, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 26, 3032-3041.

  65. Lim, K. C., Chow, P. K., Allen, J. C., Siddiqui, F. J., Chan, E. S., and Tan, S. B. (2012) Systematic review of outcomes of liver resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria, The British journal of surgery 99, 1622-1629.

  66. Kao, Y. H., Hock Tan, A. E., Burgmans, M. C., Irani, F. G., Khoo, L. S., Gong Lo, R. H., Tay, K. H., Tan, B. S., Hoe Chow, P. K., Eng Ng, D. C., and Whatt Goh, A. S. (2012) Image-guided personalized predictive dosimetry by artery-specific SPECT/CT partition modeling for safe and effective 90Y radioembolization, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 53, 559-566.

  67. Huynh, H., Chow, P. K., Tai, W. M., Choo, S. P., Chung, A. Y., Ong, H. S., Soo, K. C., Ong, R., Linnartz, R., and Shi, M. M. (2012) Dovitinib demonstrates antitumor and antimetastatic activities in xenograft models of hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of hepatology 56, 595-601.

  68. Chow, P. K. (2012) Resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: is it justifiable to restrict this to the American Association for the Study of the Liver/Barcelona Clinic for Liver Cancer criteria?, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 27, 452-457.

  69. Burgmans, M. C., Too, C. W., Kao, Y. H., Goh, A. S., Chow, P. K., Tan, B. S., Tay, K. H., and Lo, R. H. (2012) Computed tomography hepatic arteriography has a hepatic falciform artery detection rate that is much higher than that of digital subtraction angiography and 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT: implications for planning 90Y radioembolization?, European journal of radiology 81, 3979-3984.

  70. Burgmans, M. C., Kao, Y. H., Irani, F. G., Dames, E. L., Teo, T. K., Goh, A. S., Chow, P. K., Tay, K. H., and Lo, R. H. (2012) Radioembolization with infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres into a right inferior phrenic artery with hepatic tumor supply is feasible and safe, Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 23, 1294-1301.

  71. Burgmans, M. C., Irani, F. G., Chan, W. Y., Teo, T. K., Kao, Y. H., Goh, A. S., Chow, P. K., and Lo, R. H. (2012) Radioembolization after portal vein embolization in a patient with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma, Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 35, 1519-1523.

  72. Thian, Y. L., Low, A. S., Chow, P. K., Ooi, L. L., Chung, A. Y., Low, S. C., Xie, W., and Thng, C. H. (2011) Atypical enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis on multiphasic CT, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 40, 454-459.

  73. Tan, C. H., Thng, C. H., Low, A. S., Tan, V. K., Hartono, S., Koh, T. S., Goh, B. K., Cheow, P. C., Tan, Y. M., Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., Earnest, A., and Chow, P. K. (2011) Wash-out of hepatocellular carcinoma: quantitative region of interest analysis on CT, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 40, 269-275.

  74. Lim, L., Chow, P., Wong, C. Y., Chung, A., Chan, Y. H., Wong, W. K., and Soo, K. C. (2011) Doctor-patient communication, knowledge, and question prompt lists in reducing preoperative anxiety: a randomized control study, Asian journal of surgery / Asian Surgical Association 34, 175-180.

  75. Lim, K. C., Chow, P. K., Allen, J. C., Chia, G. S., Lim, M., Cheow, P. C., Chung, A. Y., Ooi, L. L., and Tan, S. B. (2011) Microvascular invasion is a better predictor of tumor recurrence and overall survival following surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma compared to the Milan criteria, Annals of surgery 254, 108-113.

  76. Kao, Y. H., Tan, A. E., Khoo, L. S., Lo, R. H., Chow, P. K., and Goh, A. S. (2011) Hepatic falciform ligament Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin activity on SPECT/CT prior to Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization: prophylactic measures to prevent non-target microsphere localization via patent hepatic falciform arteries, Annals of nuclear medicine 25, 365-369.

  77. Huynh, H., Choo, S. P., Toh, H. C., Tai, W. M., Chung, A. Y., Chow, P. K., Ong, R., and Soo, K. C. (2011) Comparing the efficacy of sunitinib with sorafenib in xenograft models of human hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic explanation, Current cancer drug targets 11, 944-953.

  78. Han, K. H., Kudo, M., Ye, S. L., Choi, J. Y., Poon, R. T., Seong, J., Park, J. W., Ichida, T., Chung, J. W., Chow, P., and Cheng, A. L. (2011) Asian consensus workshop report: expert consensus guideline for the management of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia, Oncology 81 Suppl 1, 158-164.

  79. Chow, P. K., Machin, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Win, K. M., Hoang, H. H., Nguyen, B. D., Jin, M. Y., Lobo, R., Findlay, M., Lim, C. H., Tan, S. B., Gandhi, M., and Soo, K. C. (2011) Randomised double-blind trial of megestrol acetate vs placebo in treatment-naive advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, British journal of cancer 105, 945-952.

  80. Chanyaputhipong, J., Low, S. C., and Chow, P. K. (2011) Gadoxetate Acid-Enhanced MR Imaging for HCC: A Review for Clinicians, International journal of hepatology 2011, 489342.

  81. Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Toh, S. T., Sung, W. K., Tan, P., Chow, P., Chung, A. Y., Jooi, L. L., and Lee, C. G. (2010) Lethal-7 is down-regulated by the hepatitis B virus x protein and targets signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Journal of hepatology 53, 57-66.

  82. Omata, M., Lesmana, L. A., Tateishi, R., Chen, P. J., Lin, S. M., Yoshida, H., Kudo, M., Lee, J. M., Choi, B. I., Poon, R. T., Shiina, S., Cheng, A. L., Jia, J. D., Obi, S., Han, K. H., Jafri, W., Chow, P., Lim, S. G., Chawla, Y. K., Budihusodo, U., Gani, R. A., Lesmana, C. R., Putranto, T. A., Liaw, Y. F., and Sarin, S. K. (2010) Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology international 4, 439-474.

  83. Jia, J., Wang, J., Teh, M., Sun, W., Zhang, J., Kee, I., Chow, P. K., Liang, R. C., Chung, M. C., and Ge, R. (2010) Identification of proteins differentially expressed between capillary endothelial cells of hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver in an orthotopic rat tumor model using 2-D DIGE, Proteomics 10, 224-234.

  84. Huynh, H., Ngo, V. C., Koong, H. N., Poon, D., Choo, S. P., Toh, H. C., Thng, C. H., Chow, P., Ong, H. S., Chung, A., Goh, B. C., Smith, P. D., and Soo, K. C. (2010) AZD6244 enhances the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib in ectopic and orthotopic models of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Journal of hepatology 52, 79-87.

  85. Taneja, M., Lo, R., Sebastian, M., and Chow, P. (2009) Intra-hepatic arterial pseudoaneurysm causing life-threatening upper gastrointestinal bleed after removal of biliary drainage catheter, Biomedical imaging and intervention journal 5, e20.

  86. Samuel, M., Chow, P. K., Chan Shih-Yen, E., Machin, D., and Soo, K. C. (2009) Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD001199.

  87. Purushotham, S., Chang, P. E., Rumpel, H., Kee, I. H., Ng, R. T., Chow, P. K., Tan, C. K., and Ramanujan, R. V. (2009) Thermoresponsive core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for combined modalities of cancer therapy, Nanotechnology 20, 305101.

  88. Poon, D., Anderson, B. O., Chen, L. T., Tanaka, K., Lau, W. Y., Van Cutsem, E., Singh, H., Chow, W. C., Ooi, L. L., Chow, P., Khin, M. W., and Koo, W. H. (2009) Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia: consensus statement from the Asian Oncology Summit 2009, The lancet oncology 10, 1111-1118.

  89. Ong, L. C., Song, I. C., Jin, Y., Kee, I. H., Siew, E., Yu, S., Thng, C. H., Huynh, H., and Chow, P. K. (2009) Effective inhibition of xenografts of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) by rapamycin and bevacizumab in an intrahepatic model, Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging 11, 334-342.

  90. Loa, J., Chow, P., and Zhang, K. (2009) Studies of structure-activity relationship on plant polyphenol-induced suppression of human liver cancer cells, Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 63, 1007-1016.

  91. Leong, Q. M., Lai, H. K., Lo, R. G., Teo, T. K., Goh, A., and Chow, P. K. (2009) Radiation dermatitis following radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case for prophylactic embolization of a patent falciform artery, Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 20, 833-8363

  92. Huynh, H., Ngo, V. C., Koong, H. N., Poon, D., Choo, S. P., Thng, C. H., Chow, P., Ong, H. S., Chung, A., and Soo, K. C. (2009) Sorafenib and rapamycin induce growth suppression in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 13, 2673-2683.

  93. Huynh, H., Ngo, V. C., Choo, S. P., Poon, D., Koong, H. N., Thng, C. H., Toh, H. C., Zheng, L., Ong, L. C., Jin, Y., Song, I. C., Chang, A. P., Ong, H. S., Chung, A. Y., Chow, P. K., and Soo, K. C. (2009) Sunitinib (SUTENT, SU11248) suppresses tumor growth and induces apoptosis in xenograft models of human hepatocellular carcinoma, Current cancer drug targets 9, 738-747.

  94. Huynh, H., Chow, P. K., Soo, K. C., Toh, H. C., Choo, S. P., Foo, K. F., Poon, D., Ngo, V. C., and Tran, E. (2009) RAD001 (everolimus) inhibits tumour growth in xenograft models of human hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 13, 1371-1380.

  95. Huynh, H., Ngo, V. C., Fargnoli, J., Ayers, M., Soo, K. C., Koong, H. N., Thng, C. H., Ong, H. S., Chung, A., Chow, P., Pollock, P., Byron, S., and Tran, E. (2008) Brivanib alaninate, a dual inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, induces growth inhibition in mouse models of human hepatocellular carcinoma, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 14, 6146-6153.

  96. Huynh, H., Chow, P. K., Palanisamy, N., Salto-Tellez, M., Goh, B. C., Lee, C. K., Somani, A., Lee, H. S., Kalpana, R., Yu, K., Tan, P. H., Wu, J., Soong, R., Lee, M. H., Hor, H., Soo, K. C., Toh, H. C., and Tan, P. (2008) Bevacizumab and rapamycin induce growth suppression in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of hepatology 49, 52-60.

  97. Ang, M. K., Poon, D., Foo, K. F., Chung, Y. F., Chow, P., Wan, W. K., Thng, C. H., and Ooi, L. (2008) A new chemoimmunotherapy regimen (OXAFI) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy 1, 159-165

  98. Thia, T. J., Lui, H. F., Ooi, L. L., Chung, Y. F., Chow, P. K., Cheow, P. C., Tan, Y. M., and Chow, W. C. (2007) A study into the risk of exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 11, 612-618.

  99. Ong, J. C., Chow, P. K., Chan, W. H., Chung, A. Y., Thng, C. H., and Wong, W. K. (2007) Hepatocellular carcinoma masquerading as a bleeding gastric ulcer: a case report and a review of the surgical management, World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 13, 4523-4525.

  100. Huynh, H., Soo, K. C., Chow, P. K., and Tran, E. (2007) Targeted inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase pathway with AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, Molecular cancer therapeutics 6, 138-146.

  101. Huynh, H., Chow, P. K., and Soo, K. C. (2007) AZD6244 and doxorubicin induce growth suppression and apoptosis in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma, Molecular cancer therapeutics 6, 2468-2476.

  102. Goh, A. S., Chung, A. Y., Lo, R. H., Lau, T. N., Yu, S. W., Chng, M., Satchithanantham, S., Loong, S. L., Ng, D. C., Lim, B. C., Connor, S., and Chow, P. K. (2007) A novel approach to brachytherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma using a phosphorous32 (32P) brachytherapy delivery device–a first-in-man study, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 67, 786-792.

  103. AS, M. M., Tan, Y. M., Thng, C. H., Cheow, P. C., Chung, Y. F., Chow, P. K., and Ooi, L. L. (2007) Pedunculated HCC or adrenal metastasis: a diagnostic conundrum, Singapore medical journal 48, e50-52.

  104. Tan, F. L., Tan, Y. M., Chung, A. Y., Cheow, P. C., Chow, P. K., and Ooi, L. L. (2006) Factors affecting early mortality in spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma, ANZ journal of surgery 76, 448-452.

  105. Low, S. C., Lo, R. H., Lau, T. N., Ooi, L. L., Ho, C. K., Tan, B. S., Chung, A. Y., Koo, W. H., and Chow, P. K. (2006) Image-guided radiofrequency ablation of liver malignancies: experience at Singapore General Hospital, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 35, 851-857.

  106. Huynh, H., Soo, K. C., Chow, P. K., Panasci, L., and Tran, E. (2006) Xenografts of human hepatocellular carcinoma: a useful model for testing drugs, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 12, 4306-4314.

  107. Zhang, K., Loong, S. L., Connor, S., Yu, S. W., Tan, S. Y., Ng, R. T., Lee, K. M., Canham, L., and Chow, P. K. (2005) Complete tumor response following intratumoral 32P BioSilicon on human hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 11, 7532-7537.

  108. Yang, E. B., Cao, J., Su, J. J., and Chow, P. (2005) The tree shrews: useful animal models for the viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepato-gastroenterology 52, 613-616.

  109. Nowak, A. K., Stockler, M. R., Chow, P. K., and Findlay, M. (2005) Use of tamoxifen in advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. A systematic review, Cancer 103, 1408-1414.

  110. Hung, H., Pierce, C. K., Chee, S. K., Lawrence, P., and Hung, N. T. (2005) SarCNU-induced G2/M arrest in hepatoma cells is mediated by a p53-independent phosphorylation of cdc-2 at Tyr15, Journal of cellular physiology 204, 785-791.

  111. Chung, Y. F., Thng, C. H., Lui, H. F., Mancer, K., Chow, P. K., Tan, Y. M., Cheow, P. C., and Ooi, L. L. (2005) Clinical mimicry of hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging-pathological correlation, Singapore medical journal 46, 31-36; quiz 37.

  112. Chow, P. K. (2005) Tamoxifen does not improve overall survival in people with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer Treat Rev 31, 491-495.

  113. Zhang, K., and Chow, P. K. (2004) The effect of megestrol acetate on growth of HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 10, 5226-5232.

  114. Nowak, A. K., Chow, P. K., and Findlay, M. (2004) Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a review, Eur J Cancer 40, 1474-1484.

  115. Huynh, H., Do, P. T., Nguyen, T. H., Chow, P., Tan, P. H., Quach, T. H., Van, T., Soo, K. C., and Tran, E. (2004) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase induces cyclin D1 and Cdk-2 expression and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma in hepatocellular carcinoma, Int J Oncol 25, 1839-1847

  116. Yang, E. B., Qin, L. L., Zhao, Y. N., Zhang, K., and Chow, P. (2003) Genetic changes and expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor gene in human hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, International journal of molecular medicine 11, 773-778.

  117. Wong, C. H., Chow, P. K., Koong, H. N., Chung, A., and Thng, C. H. (2003) Superior diaphragmatic adenopathy from primary hepatocellular carcinoma, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 18, 352-354.

  118. Tseng, G. Y., Thng, C. H., Wong, E. H., Tan, A. G., Suman, P., Quek, S. T., Ho, J. T., Khoo, J. K., Ooi, L. L., Chow, P. K., Chung, Y. F., and Teh, C. S. (2003) Breath-hold fast recovery fast spin echo versus conventional non-breath-hold fast spin echo T2-weighted MR imaging of focal liver lesions, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 32, 450-454.

  119. Huynh, H., Nguyen, T. T., Chow, K. H., Tan, P. H., Soo, K. C., and Tran, E. (2003) Over-expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)-MAPK in hepatocellular carcinoma: its role in tumor progression and apoptosis, BMC Gastroenterol 3, 19.

  120. Huynh, H., Chow, P. K., Ooi, L. L., and Soo, K. C. (2002) A possible role for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 autocrine/paracrine loops in controlling hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, Cell growth & differentiation : the molecular biology journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 13, 115-122.

  121. Chung, A. Y., Ng, S. B., Thng, C. H., Chow, P. K., and Ooi, L. P. (2002) Hepatic angiomyolipoma mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma, Asian journal of surgery / Asian Surgical Association 25, 251-254.

  122. Chow, P. K., Tai, B. C., Tan, C. K., Machin, D., Win, K. M., Johnson, P. J., and Soo, K. C. (2002) High-dose tamoxifen in the treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter randomized controlled trial, Hepatology 36, 1221-1226.

  123. Chow, P. K., Hung, H., and Soo, K. C. (2001) Re: Liu et al.–Estrogen receptor status in inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, The American journal of gastroenterology 96, 1297-1298.

  124. Tan, C. K., Chow, P. K., Findlay, M., Wong, C., and Machin, D. (2000) Use of tamoxifen in hepatocellular carcinoma: a review and paradigm shift, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 15, 725-729.

  125. Chan, E. S., Chow, P. K., Tai, B., Machin, D., and Soo, K. (2000) Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for operable hepatocellular carcinoma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD001199.

  126. Sun, L., Chow, P. K., Fook-Chong, S. M., Chew, M., Aw, S. E., and Soo, K. C. (1999) Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is non-uniform: flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and cell cycle studies in a porcine model, Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie 198, 229-236.

  127. Chow, P., Kiat, T. C., Choo, T. B., and Machin, D. (1998) Tamoxifen in hepatocellular carcinoma, Lancet 352, 819-820.